地處望城區(qū)湘江東岸的銅官,，是馳名中外的唐代長沙窯窯址區(qū)。出生于1993年的劉嘉豪從小就喜歡玩泥巴,、做泥人,，但他沒有選擇家族傳承的泥塑技藝,，而是自建全省第一個(gè)現(xiàn)代無煙柴窯，想要通過這種方式做出更多創(chuàng)新的,、打破大眾對(duì)銅官窯刻板印象的作品,。

Tongguan, located on the east bank of the Xiangjiang River in Wangcheng District, is the renowned site of the Changsha Kiln in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Jiahao, born in 1993, has been fond of playing with mud and making clay figurines since childhood. However, instead of choosing the clay sculpture technique passed down in his family,he established the first modern smokeless wood kiln in Hunan Province. He hopes to create more innovative works through this method, breaking the public's stereotypical impression of Tongguan Kiln.

從沒有燒出一件滿意的作品到如今擁有“泥人劉”第四代傳人、長沙窯銅官陶瓷燒制技藝省級(jí)非遺代表性傳承人,、“湖湘青年英才”等一系列頭銜,，劉嘉豪正竭己所能讓陶器重回千家萬戶?！皠?chuàng)新也是傳承,，只有迎合更多人的需求，讓更多人喜愛,，我們的傳承之路才能走得更長遠(yuǎn),。”

From failing to produce a satisfactory work to now having a series of titles such as the fourth-generation inheritor of "Clay Figurine Liu", a provincial-level representative inheritor of the Tongguan ceramic firing technique of Changsha Kiln, and a "Huxiang Young Talent", Liu Jiahao is doing his best to bring pottery back to thousands of households. "Innovation is also a form of inheritance. Only by meeting the needs of more people and making more people like it can our inheritance path be more sustainable," he said.

自建全省第一個(gè)無煙柴窯

Establishing first smokeless wood kiln in Hunan Province

北有“天津泥人張”,，南有“望城泥人劉”,。劉嘉豪出生在陶藝世家，曾祖父是工藝美術(shù)大師劉子振,，父親則是國家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性項(xiàng)目長沙窯銅官陶瓷燒制技藝的代表性傳承人劉坤庭,。

In the north, there is "Clay Figurine Zhang of Tianjin", and in the south, there is "Clay Figurine Liu of Wangcheng". Liu Jiahao was born into a family with a profound tradition in pottery art, his great-grandfather was Liu Zizhen, a master of arts and crafts, and his father is Liu Kunting, a representative inheritor of the Tongguan ceramic firing technique of the Changsha Kiln, a representative project of the national intangible cultural heritage.

“從小耳濡目染讓我對(duì)制陶事業(yè)充滿興趣?！毕矚g速寫,、本科學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)畫設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)的劉嘉豪表示，大二時(shí),，自己去景德鎮(zhèn)觀摩過一次柴燒的“窯變”,，那種充滿未知的變化過程令人念念不忘。他認(rèn)為,，銅官窯瓷器完全可以和現(xiàn)代柴燒技藝有機(jī)結(jié)合,，便與幾位朋友在學(xué)校開設(shè)陶藝工作室,，之后又創(chuàng)辦了全省第一個(gè)現(xiàn)代無煙柴窯，讓老手藝擁有了新個(gè)性,。

"Growing up surrounded by it made me full of interest in the pottery-making business," said Liu Jiahao, who likes sketching and majored in animation design at the undergraduate level. He said that during his sophomore year, he went to Jingdezhen to observe the "kiln transformation" of wood firing. That process full of uncertainties left a deep impression on him. He believed that the porcelain of the Tongguan Kiln could be organically integrated with modern wood firing techniques. Thus, he opened a pottery studio at school with several friends. Later, he established the first modern smokeless wood kiln in Hunan Province, giving the old craft new characteristics.

雖然找到了創(chuàng)新的方向,，但由于手頭幾乎沒有任何資料，起初光研究柴窯溫度就耗費(fèi)了劉嘉豪不少時(shí)間,。燒制過程中，投柴的頻率決定了窯內(nèi)的溫度,，太急或太慢都會(huì)影響陶器呈現(xiàn)的質(zhì)感,。

Although he found the direction of innovation, due to having almost no materials at hand, it took Liu Jiahao a lot of time to study the temperature of the wood kiln at the beginning. During the firing process, the frequency of adding firewood determines the temperature inside the kiln. Being too hasty or too slow will affect the texture of the pottery.

曾經(jīng)有半年時(shí)間，劉嘉豪沒有燒出一件滿意的作品,，“記得我第一次燒窯,，一年整整有四窯，里面所有的器物都是報(bào)廢的,?！?/p>

There was a period of half a year when Liu Jiahao didn't produce a satisfactory work. "I remember that when I fired the kiln for the first time, there were four firings in a whole year, and all the wares inside were scrapped."

“很多人都問過我為什么不沿襲老辦法而是做柴燒，我覺得銅官窯不應(yīng)該拘泥于老手藝,，應(yīng)該要有新的個(gè)性,。為了使這項(xiàng)技藝長久健康地發(fā)展，我們必須在吸收精華的同時(shí)不斷創(chuàng)新,，用年輕人喜歡的方式推廣傳統(tǒng)文化,。”劉嘉豪說,。

"Many people have asked me why I don't follow the old methods but do wood firing. I think Tongguan Kiln should not be confined to old craftsmanship but should have new characteristics. To make this technique develop healthily and lastingly, we must keep innovating while absorbing the essence and promote traditional culture in a way that young people like," Liu Jiahao said.

以陶瓷產(chǎn)業(yè)助推鄉(xiāng)村振興

Boosting Rural Revitalization with the Ceramic Industry

作為唐代“海上陶瓷之路的重要支點(diǎn)”,，銅官窯瓷器曾憑借彩瓷技藝在陶瓷發(fā)展史上獨(dú)樹一幟，鼎盛時(shí)期產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷海外,。然而受交通,、戰(zhàn)亂等因素影響，銅官窯在動(dòng)蕩中逐漸衰落,，制作工藝和規(guī)模大不如前,。近代以來，工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)更是對(duì)包括銅官窯在內(nèi)的傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)造成了巨大沖擊,。

As an important fulcrum of the "Maritime Ceramic Road" in the Tang Dynasty, the porcelain of Tongguan Kiln once stood out in the history of ceramic development with its colored porcelain technique. During its heyday, its products were exported overseas. However, due to factors such as transportation and wars, Tongguan Kiln gradually declined during the turbulent times, and its production process and scale were much inferior to those in the past. In modern times, industrial production has had a huge impact on traditional handicrafts, including Tongguan Kiln.

近年來,，鄉(xiāng)村振興成為時(shí)代發(fā)展的主旋律。作為一名基層黨員,，劉嘉豪認(rèn)為：“鄉(xiāng)村振興需要各方努力以及產(chǎn)業(yè)依托,。我們這里恰好有陶瓷產(chǎn)業(yè)，可以發(fā)展文旅觀光和陶瓷制造,。就像銅官老街,，既傳承了歷史文化,，擴(kuò)大了銅官陶瓷的知名度，也讓老百姓的生活富了起來,?！?/p>

In recent years, rural revitalization has become the main theme of the era's development. As a grassroots Party member, Liu Jiahao believes that "Rural revitalization requires the efforts of all parties and the support of industries. We happen to have the ceramic industry here, and we can develop cultural tourism and ceramic manufacturing. Just like Tongguan Old Street, it not only inherits historical culture, expands the popularity of Tongguan ceramics, but also enriches the lives of the common people."

如今，許多陶藝工作室都進(jìn)駐銅官老街開設(shè)陶瓷班和游客制陶體驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目,，每逢周末和節(jié)假日,，這里成了長沙市民周邊短途出游的“香餑餑”。

Now, many pottery studios have settled in Tongguan Old Street and opened ceramic classes and pottery-making experience projects for tourists. During weekends and holidays, it has become a popular destination for short-distance trips around Changsha for local citizens.

與這些工作室一樣,，劉嘉豪也在用一技之長助力銅官發(fā)展,。但他深知，想要擴(kuò)大銅官陶瓷的影響力,，單純依靠線下銷售渠道已經(jīng)行不通,，必須借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播等新媒體傳播渠道，讓更多消費(fèi)者了解銅官陶瓷文化和發(fā)展歷史,，進(jìn)而提高產(chǎn)品銷量,。

Like these studios, Liu Jiahao is also using his expertise to help Tongguan develop. But he knows well that to expand the influence of Tongguan ceramics, relying solely on offline sales channels is no longer feasible. It is necessary to use new media communication channels such as live streaming to let more consumers understand the cultural and development history of Tongguan ceramics, thereby increasing product sales.

“我有50%以上的產(chǎn)品是通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)賣掉的?！彼f,，“在銅官老街，我們制作的小茶壺可以賣到上千元一把,。燒制的數(shù)千個(gè)柴燒作品已經(jīng)售罄,，其中有不少來自國外的訂單?！爆F(xiàn)在,，他還與多家電商平臺(tái)合作開展直播，帶動(dòng)陶瓷產(chǎn)品銷售,。

"More than 50% of my products are sold through the Internet," he said. "In Tongguan Old Street, the small teapots we make can be sold for thousands of yuan each. Thousands of wood-fired works we fired have been sold out, and there are many orders from abroad among them." Now, he also cooperates with several e-commerce platforms to carry out live streaming to drive the sales of ceramic products.

傳承創(chuàng)新中堅(jiān)定文化自信

Strengthening Cultural Confidence through Inheritance and Innovation

“銅官窯陶瓷盛行于唐代,，那時(shí)的彩瓷上既有‘君生我未生，我生君已老’的東方浪漫,，也有胡人樂舞的異域風(fēng)情,。”劉嘉豪感慨道,，這表明當(dāng)時(shí)的長沙是一個(gè)開放包容的地方,，正是如此，銅官窯火才會(huì)傳承千年經(jīng)久不息,。

"The ceramics of Tongguan Kiln were popular in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, on the colored porcelain, there were both the oriental romance of 'You were born before I was, and when I was born, you had already aged' and the exotic charm of the dancing of the Hu people," Liu Jiahao said with emotion. This shows that Changsha was an open and inclusive place at that time. It is precisely for this reason that the fire of Tongguan Kiln has been passed down for thousands of years.

“經(jīng)過這幾年的發(fā)展,，我深刻感受到，在國貨風(fēng)潮日趨興盛的當(dāng)下,，人們?cè)絹碓疥P(guān)注手工藝產(chǎn)品,，關(guān)注大國工匠及其背后反映的匠人精神,。”他認(rèn)為,，只要守住匠心,，銅官窯陶瓷燒制技藝未來還將迎來新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

"After these years of development, I deeply feel that with the rising trend of domestic products, people are paying more and more attention to handicraft products, as well as to master craftsmen and the spirit of craftsmanship reflected behind them." He believes that as long as the spirit of craftsmanship is maintained, the Tongguan Kiln ceramic firing technique will still embracenew development opportunities in the future.

從手工藝人的堅(jiān)守到品牌化的轉(zhuǎn)型,，從非遺技藝的傳承到文化自信的表達(dá),，帶著融合、創(chuàng)新的思路,，近年來,，“泥人劉”廣泛與博物館、企業(yè),、新消費(fèi)品牌聯(lián)名，推出酒具,、茶具,、冰箱貼、擴(kuò)香器等伴手禮和文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品,，成為文化創(chuàng)新的踐行者,。今年，他還與高校合作,，通過3D打印等前沿技術(shù)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品,。

From the perseverance of craftsmen to the transformation of branding, from the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage techniques to the expression of cultural confidence, with the ideas of integration and innovation, in recent years, "Clay Figurine Liu" has widely cooperated with museums, enterprises, and new consumer brands, launching souvenirs and cultural and creative products such as wine sets, tea sets, fridge magnets, and aroma diffusers, becoming a practitioner of cultural innovation. This year, Liu Jiahao has also cooperated with colleges and universities to develop innovative products through advanced technologies such as 3D printing.

為了讓銅官窯被更多人熟知，劉嘉豪也會(huì)定期組織主題活動(dòng)分享銅官窯獨(dú)有的文化魅力,。有關(guān)部門組織的對(duì)外文化交流活動(dòng),，他也從不缺席。

To make the Tongguan Kiln more widely known, Liu Jiahao regularly organizes themed activities to share the unique cultural charm of the Tongguan Kiln. He has never missed the foreign cultural exchange activities organized by relevant departments.

現(xiàn)在,，劉嘉豪的陶瓷文創(chuàng)市場(chǎng)板塊年銷售額已突破500萬元,，成為非遺與現(xiàn)代商業(yè)深度融合的典范,。“我們的征途才剛剛開始,?！眲⒓魏烙行判囊渤錆M期待——希望可以通過努力，讓家鄉(xiāng)獨(dú)有的制陶技藝和優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化名播遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng),，為長沙、為國家的文化自信添上濃墨重彩的一筆,。

Now, the annual sales volume of Liu Jiahao's ceramic cultural and creative market segment has exceeded 5 million yuan, setting an example for the in-depth integration of intangible cultural heritage and modern business. "Our journey has just begun." Liu Jiahao is confident and full of expectations. He hopes that through his efforts, the unique pottery-making technique and excellent traditional culture of his hometown can become well-known far and wide, adding a magnificent touch to the cultural confidence of Changsha and the country.